Виконання спеціальних геотехнічних робіт. Палі бурові

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EN 1536:2010 - - -

1 2 З? 4 4.1 4.2 5 5.1 5.2 6 6.1 6.1.1 6.1.2 6.1.3 6.1.4 6.1.5 6.1.6 6.1.7 6.1.8 6.2 6.2.1 6.2.2 6.3 6.3.1 6.3.2 6.3.3 6.3.4 6.3.5 6.3.6 6.3.7 6.3.8 6.4 6.5 6.6 7 CONTENTS
page
Foreword 1
1 Scope 2
2 Normative references 8
3 Terms and definitions 9
4 Information needed for the execution of the work 14
4.1 General 14
4.2 Special features 15
5 Geotechnical investigation 16
5.1 General 16
5.2 Specific requirements 17
6 Materials and products 18
6.1 Constituents 18
6.1.1 General 18
6.1.2 Bentonite 19
6.1.3 Polymers 19
6.1.4 Cement 19
6.1.5 Aggregates 21
6.1.6 Water 21
6.1.7 Additions 21
6.1.8 Admixtures 21
6.2 Support fluids 21
6.2.1 Bentonite suspensions 21
6.2.2 Polymer solutions 23
6.3 Concrete 23
6.3.1 General 23
6.3.2 Aggregates 24
6.3.3 Cement contents 24
6.3.4 Water/cement ratio 24
6.3.5 Admixtures 25
6.3.6 Fresh concrete 25
6.3.7 Production of concrete 26
6.3.8 Sampling and testing on site . . 27
6.4 Grout 28
6.5 Reinforcement 29
6.6 Additional inserted products ... 29
7 Considerations related to design ... 30
7.1 7.2 7.3 7.4 7.5 7.5.1 7.5.2 7.5.3 7.6 7.7 8 8.1 8.1.1 8.1.2 8.1.3 8.2 8.2.1 8.2.2 8.2.3 8.2.4 8.2.5 8.2.6 8.2.7 8.3 8.3.1 8.3.2 8.3.3 8.3.4 8.3.5 8.3.6 8.4 8.4.1 8.4.2 8.4.3 7.1 General 7.2 Piles forming a wall 31
7.3 Excavation 32
7.4 Precast concrete elements .... 32
7.5 Reinforcement 33
7.5.1 General 33
7.5.2 Longitudinal reinforcement ... 33
7.5.3 Transverse reinforcement ... 34
7.6 Steel tubes and profile elements 35
7.7 Minimum and nominal cover ... 35
8 Execution . 36
8.1 Construction tolerances 36
8.1.1 Geometrical tolerances 36
8.1.2 Installation tolerances for reinforcement cage 38
8.1.3 Tolerances for trimming 38
8.2 Excavation 38
8.2.1 General 38
8.2.2 Methods and tools 40
8.2.3 Excavations supported by casings . 41
8.2.4 Excavations supported by fluids 43
8.2.5 Boring with continuous flight augers 44
8.2.6 Unsupported excavation .... 46
8.2.7 Enlargements 46
8.3 Reinforcement 46
8.3.1 General 46
8.3.2 Joints 47
8.3.3 Bending of reinforcement .... 47
8.3.4 Assembly of cages 47
8.3.5 Spacers 48
8.3.6 Installation 48
8.4 Concreting and trimming 49
8.4.1 General 49
8.4.2 Concreting in dry conditions . . 51
8.4.3 Concreting in submerged conditions 51

8.4.4 8.4.5 8.4.6 8.4.7 8.4.8 8.4.9 8.4.10 8.4.11 8.5 9 9.1 9.2 9.2.1 9.2.2 9.2.3 10 11 ( 8.4.4 Extraction of casings 54
8.4.5 Permanent casings or linings . . 54
8.4.6 Concreting of continuous flight auger piles 55
8.4.7 Prepacked piles 56
8.4.8 Loss of immersion of tremie pipe or casing 56
8.4.9 Precast concrete elements and steel tubes or profiles 57
8.4.10 External grouting of bored piles 58
8.4.11 Trimming 59
8.5 Pile walls 59
9 Supervision, testing and monitoring . 60
9.1 Construction controls 60
9.2 Bored pile testing 61
9.2.1 General 61
9.2.2 Pile load tests 62
9.2.3 Integrity tests 63
10 Records 64
11 Special Requirements 69
Annex A (informative) Glossary 71
Annex Examples for details and frequencies for monitoring and testing 81
Annex C (informative) Sample records 91
Annex D (informative) Obligation of the provisions 102
Bibliography 109

EXECUTION OF SPECIAL GEOTECHNICAL WORK - Bored piles
Foreword
This document (EN 1536:2010) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 288 "Execution of special geotechnical works", the secretariat of which is held byAFNOR.
This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by March 2011, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by March 2011.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. CEN [and/or CENELEC] shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.4
This document supersedes EN 1536:1999.
The general scope of TC 288 is the standardisation of the execution procedures for geotechnical works (including testing and control methods) and of the required material properties.
WG15 has been charged to revise EN 1536:1999, with the subject area of bored piles, including barrettes, but not "micro piles" of diameter less than 0,3 m.
The design, planning and execution of bored piles call for experience and knowledge in this specialised field.
The execution phase requires skilled and qualified personnel and the present standard cannot replace the expertise of specialist contractor.
1 1.1 The document has been prepared to complement EN 1997-1, Eurocode 7: Geotechnical design - Part 1: General rules and EN 1997-2, Eurocode 7 - Geotechnical design - Part 2: Ground investigation and testing.
Clause 7 "Considerations related to design" of this European Standard expands on design only where necessary (e.g. the detailing of reinforcement), but provides full coverage of the construction and supervision requirements.
This standard contains additional requirements on concrete complementing the respective provisions of EN 206-1 and of EN 13670. The three standards are not yet fully accorded. It is anticipated that during future revisions several provisions now contained in EN 1536:2010, e.g. in 6.1, 6.3, 8.3 and 8.4 could be transferred to EN 206-1 and EN 13670.
The document has been revised by a working group comprising delegates from eleven European countries and the comments from ten European countries have been received and taken into account.
According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Nora/ay, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and the United Kingdom.
1 Scope
1.1 This European Standard establishes general principles for the execution of bored piles (see 3.2).
NOTE 1 This standard covers piles or barrettes which are formed in the ground by excavation and are structural members used to transfer actions and/or limit deformations.
NOTE 2 This standard covers piles with circular cross-section (see Figures 1 and A. 1a)) and barrettes (see 3.3) with rectangular, T or L or any other similar cross-section (see Figure 2) concreted in a single operation.

NOTE 3 In the standard the term "pile" is used for circular cross-section structure and the term barrette for other shapes. Both are bored piles.

D - L - 1.2 - - - - 1.2 This European Standard applies to bored piles (see Figure 3) with:
- uniform cross-section (straight shaft);
- telescopically changing shaft dimensions;
- excavated base enlargements; or
- excavated shaft enlargements.
NOTE The shape of a pile base and of an enlargement depends on the tool used for the excavation.
1.3 - - - - - 1.4 - - 1.5 а?) 1) 2) Ь?) D E !D<2
с?) 1) 2) d) 1.6 - - - 1.3 This European Standard applies (see Note) to:
- bored piles with a depth to width ratio - > 5;
- piles (see Figures 1 and 3) with a shaft diameter 0,3 m < D< 3,0 m;
- barrettes (see Figure 2) with the least dimension Wj > 0,4 m, a ratio Lj /Wj between its largest and its least dimensions < 6 and a cross-sectional area A < 15 m 2 ;
- piles with circular precast elements used as structural member (see Figure 7) with a least dimension D p > 0,3 m;
- barrettes with rectangular precast elements used as structural member with a least dimension W p > 0,3 m.
NOTE The standard covers a large range of diameters. For small diameter bored piles less than 450 mm, the general specification can be adapted to cater for the lack of space (e.g. minimum bars number and spacing).
1.4 This European Standard applies to piles with the following rake (see Figure 4):
- - n > 3 (0 > 72 1.5 This European Standard applies to bored piles with the following dimensions of the shaft or base enlargements (see Figure 3):
a) base enlargements:
1) in non-cohesive ground: DBID < 2;
2) in cohesive ground: DBID < 3;
b) shaft enlargements in any ground:
D e /D<2;
c) slope of the enlargement in non-cohesive ground m > 3;
1) in non-cohesive ground: m > 3;
2) in cohesive ground: m > 1,5;
d) base enlargements area of barrettes:
A< 15 m 2 ;
1.6 The provisions of this European Standard apply to:
- single bored piles;
- bored pile groups (see Figure 5);
- walls formed by piles (see Figure 6).

Db

D - D B - D e - Key:
D Shaft diameter
D B Base enlargement diameter
D B Shaft enlargement diameter

Figure 5 - Examples of pile groups

a < D
p - s - b)

с?) Widely spaced pile wall
Key:
a Centre to centre spacing of the piles
D Shaft diameter
1 Lagging
1.7 1.8 1.9 - - - 1.7 The bored pifes which are the subject of this European Standard can be excavated by continuous or discontinuous methods using support methods for stabilizing the excavation walls where required.
1.8 This European Standard applies only to construction methods that allow the designed cross-sections to be produced.
1.9 The provisions apply to bored piles (see Figure 7) constructed of:
- unreinforced (plain) concrete;
- reinforced concrete;
- concrete reinforced by means of special reinforcement such as steel tubes, steel sections or steel fibres;
- - precast concrete (including prestressed concrete) elements or steel tubes where the annular gap between the element or tube and the ground is filled by concrete, cement or cement-bentonite grout.

c)

d) Use of precast concrete element as main or supplementary structural member

1 - 2 - З? - 4 - 5 - D - Key:
1 Precast concrete element
2 Grout
3 Temporary casing (extracted)
4 Uncased excavation
5 Unreinforced or reinforced concrete or cement grout D Shaft diameter
1 .10 2 EN 197-1:2000, EN 206-1:2000, EN 791, EN 934-2, EN 996, EN 1008, EN 1990, EN 1991 ( EN 1992 ( EN 1993 ( EN 1994