ДСТУ Б EN 15459:2014
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Foreword VI
Introduction 1
1 Scope 2
2 Normative references 3
3 Terms and definitions,symbols, units
and subscripts 3
3.1 Terms and definition 3
3.2 Symbols and units 6
4 Organisation of the costs 8
5 Basic calculations 10
5.1 Interest rate, discount rate, present value factor and annuity factor .... 10
5.2 Global cost 10
5.3 Annuity calculation 13
6 Principles of the method 17
6.1 General 17
6.2 STEP 1 - Financial data 19
6.3 STEP 2 - General information about the project 20
6.4 STEP 3 - Systems characteristics 21
6.5 STEP 4 - Energycosts 24
6.6 STEP 5 - Global cost calculation 26
6.7 STEP 6 - Annuity cost calculation 27
Annex A (informative)
Economical data for energy systems 28
AnnexB (informative) Systems description 34
Annexe (informative) Calculation sheet for global cost calculation 44
AnnexD (informative)
Annuity calculation, organization of data and results 46
Е?.1 Е?.2 Е?.З? Е?.4 Е?.5 Е?.6 AnnexE (informative)
Example 1 - Dwelling 100 m 2 with gas
heating system 47
E.1 STEP 1 - Financial data 47
E.2 STEP 2 - General information about project 47
E.3 STEP 3 - System characteristics 48
E.4 STEP 4 - Energy costs 53
E.5 STEP 5 - Global costs 56
E.6 STEP 6 - Annuity calculation costs 58
Bibliography 60
EN 15459:2007 Energy performance of buildings. Economic evaluation procedure for energy systems in buildings - - - - - - - - - - Foreword
This document (EN 15459:2007) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 228 "Heating systems in buildings", the secretariat of which is held by DS.
This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement.
This document has been prepared under a mandate given to CEN by the European Commission and the European Free Trade Association (Mandate M/343), and supports essential requirements of Ell Directive 2002/91/EC on the energy performance of buildings (EPBD). It forms part of a series of standards aimed at European harmonisation of the methodology for calculation of the energy performance of buildings. An overview of the whole set of standards is given in prCEN/TR 15615.
The subjects covered by CEN/TC 228 are the following:
- design of heating systems (water based, electrical etc.);
- installation of heating systems;
- commissioning of heating systems;
- instructions for operation, maintenance and use of heating systems;
- methods for calculation of the design heat loss and heat loads;
- methods for calculation of the energy performance of heating systems.
Heating systems also include the effect of attached systems such as hot water production systems.
All these standards are systems standards, i.e. they are based on requirements addressed to the system as a whole and not dealing with requirements to the products within the system.
Where possible, reference is made to other European or International Standards, a.o. product standards. However, use of products complying with relevant product standards is no guarantee of compliance with the system requirements.
The requirements are mainly expressed as functional requirements, i.e. requirements dealing with the function of the system and not specifying shape, material, dimensions or the like.
The guidelines describe ways to meet the requirements, but other ways to fulfil the functional requirements might be used if fulfillment can be proved.
Heating systems differ among the member countries due to climate, traditions and national regulations. In some cases requirements are given as classes so national or individual needs may be accommodated.
In cases where the standards contradict with national regulations, the latter should be followed.
According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.
Energy performance of buildings
Overall energy use and definitions of energy ratings
Introduction - - - - This standard presents a method for economic calculation of the heating systems, relying on data from other systems that may influence the energy demand of the heating system.
This method can be used, fully or partly, for the following applications:
- consider economic feasibility of energy saving options in buildings;
- compare different solutions of energy saving options in buildings (e.g. plant types, fuels);
- evaluate economic performance of an overall design of the building (e.g. trade-off between energy demand and energy efficiency of heating systems);
- assess the effect of possible energy conservation measures on an existing heating system, by economic calculation of the cost of energy use with and without the energy conservation measure.
The user shall refer to other European Standards or to national documents for input data and detailed calculation procedures not provided by this standard, especially regarding dynamic economical calculations, which are not detailed in this standard. The methods to calculate the building heating energy demand are provided by CEN/TC 89 (EN 832, EN ISO 13790) and CEN/TC 228 (EN 15316 series of standards) related to the EPBD (see prCEN/TR 15615)
1 - - - - - - - - 1 Scope
This standard provides a calculation method for the economical issues of heating systems and other systems that are involved in the energy demand and energy consumption of the building. This standard applies to all types of buildings.
The fundamental principles and terminology are explained in this standard.
The main items of the standard are:
- definitions and structure of the types of costs, which shall be taken into account for calculation of the economical efficiency of saving options in buildings;
- data needed for definition of costs related to systems under consideration;
- calculation method(s);
- expression of the result of the economic calculation;
- informative annexes indicating default values of e.g. lifetime, costs for repair, costs for maintenance, in order to introduce default values for calculations.
This standard is applicable to calculation of economic performance of energy saving options in buildings (e.g. insulation, better performing generators and distribution systems, efficient lighting, renewable sources, combined heat and power).
The scope of this standard is to standardise:
- required inputs;
- calculation methods;
- required outputs
for economic calculations of energy systems related to the energy performance of buildings.
Note. Sensitivity of results increases with the number of parameters under consideration (e.g. lifetime, interest rates, development of different types of costs). The more parameters one changes when comparing different solutions, the more difficult it is to draw conclusions from the economic results of the calculations.
Economical results are closely related to the specific project under consideration, and no general conclusions should be drawn from any such results.
2 3.1 3.1.1 3.1.2 3.1.3 3.1.4 3.1.5 3.1.6 2 Normative references
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this standard. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
Not applicable.
3 Terms and definitions, symbols and units
3.1 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
3.1.1 costs
Comprise initial investment costs and annual costs, including running costs, periodic or replacement costs due to repair or change of components and systems
3.1.2 initial investment costs [C J
Costs to be considered when the building (or the specified equipment) is delivered to the customer, ready to use. These costs include design, purchase of systems and components, connection to suppliers, installation and commissioning process. The initial investment costs are the costs presented to the customer
3.1.3 running costs [C r ]
Comprise maintenance costs, operational costs, energy costs and added costs.
Note. Running costs are annual costs
3.1.4 maintenance costs [C m ]
Annual costs for measures for preserving and restoring the desired quality of the installation. This includes annual costs for inspection, cleaning, adjustments, repair under preventive maintenance, consumable items
3.1.5 operational costs [C o ]
Annual costs for operators
3.1.6 energy costs [C e ]
annual costs for energy and standing charges for energy (and other consumables as well as costs)
3.1.7 3.1.8 3.1.9 3.1.10 3.1.11 3.1.12 3.1.13 3.1.14 3.1.15 Note. Contracts for energy delivered are included in energy costs. Use of energy implies external costs, which are not included in the official price. It is considered good practice to include the external costs and metering costs in economic calculations and to specify them.
3.1.7 added costs [C arf ]
annual costs for insurance, other standing charges, taxes (including environmental taxes for energy). Subsidies for renewable energy delivered or produced locally are considered as benefits and are taken into account as negative annual costs
3.1.8 periodic costs of year substitute investment, which is necessary for ageing reasons (corresponds to replacement costs for components (or systems), according to their lifespan)
3.1.9 replacement costs for component or system [ comprise periodic costs for component j at time / = x n , 2 x n , etc. (where x n corresponds to the lifespan of the component)
3.1.10 annual costs [C a (/)J
sum of running costs and periodic costs or replacement costs paid in the year
